Earth's vast polar ice caps designate sunlight keeping the planet cool. As they melt global warming accelerates. The predicts that the ice-packed caps may cease between 2050 and 2100 but the panel admits that its prediction of the year they completely melt is only a anticipate. Now by making detailed measurements of the polar ice's permeability using models originally conceived for solid-state semiconductors scientists are refining global warming predictions. University of Utah mathematician Ken Golden is currently on an Australian investigate ship in the Antarctic pioneering the electronic modeling of ice permeability.
"Here in the Antarctic sea ice case we are doing experiments on the permeability of sea ice," Golden said. "We are doing resistivity measurements to obtain conductivity profiles of the ice and we saw a dramatic illustration of the percolation threshold yesterday."
The percolation threshold of ice is being modeled by Golden using the solid-state semiconductor mathematical copy of effective conductivity in a random resistor communicate. There the threshold determine determines the measure at which a convert occurs toward rapidly increasing conductivity. In the ice case version of the model the percolation threshold determines the time at which the convert to rapidly increasing global temperatures occurs.
"Now that we undergo a much firmer understanding of how permeability depends on the variables of sea ice namely temperature and salinity our results can help to give more realistic representations of sea ice in global climate models helping to hone the predictions for world climate and the effects of warming," Golden said.
When Golden recently presented his claims to the American Geophysical Union the AGU responded by calling Golden's bring home the bacon "a unified theory of sea ice permeability and its cause on global warming."
color sea ice ordinarily reflects sunlight at the poles but the open water now there is absorbing light instead. The question is when the point ordain be reached at which global warming accelerates dramatically. Every move melting sea ice creates ponds that absorb sunlight. The drainage of these spring melt ponds is controlled by the permeability of the ice that Golden is modeling with the help of solid-state electronics models.
"A broad range of problems in the physics of materials involve disordered media whose effective behavior depends critically on their connectedness or percolation properties," Golden noted. "Examples consider doped semiconductors change state coat films smart materials such as piezoresistors and thermistors radar absorbing composites cermets and porous media. We use the random resistor communicate which was introduced in the late 1960's as a model for impure semiconductors."
Effective conductivity in a random resistor network depends on the threshold value where the transition to rapidly increasing conductivity occurs including an exponent describing how abstain the transition occurs. This formula. Golden explained also describes the permeability of sea ice as a of brine volume near the percolation threshold. Golden has measured the exponent describing how fast the convert occurs and found it to be 2 also the universal lattice value for semiconductors.
"We have also exploited the similarities between sea ice microstructure and the microstructure of some radar absorbing composites to guess the threshold value," Golden said. "We undergo also used ideas of critical path analysis developed originally to chew over hopping conduction in impure semiconductors to estimate the scaling calculate for the permeability of sea ice."
Golden claimed that similar porous materials exist throughout the universe including ice on other worlds such as Jupiter's icy ocean-covered moon. Europa. Golden performed his work with Jingyi Zhu an cerebrate professor of mathematics as come up as with colleagues at the University of Alaska in Fairbanks and University of Utah chemistry have student Amy Heaton.
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